J Cancer 2021; 12(13):4025-4038. doi:10.7150/jca.52105 This issue Cite

Research Paper

Identification of the hub genes and prognostic indicators of gastric cancer and correlation of indicators with tumor-infiltrating immune cell levels

Yun Ji1,2, Lu Gao1,2, Can Zhang1,2, Xu Sun4, Liping Dai2, Zhenyu Ji2, Jianying Zhang2, Zhida Zhang1,2, Wei Cao3, Yang Zhao2✉, Liguo Zhang2,3✉

1. BGI College, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450007, China.
2. Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, Zhengzhou University, No. 40 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
3. Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
4. Integrated TCM and Western Medicine Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China.

Citation:
Ji Y, Gao L, Zhang C, Sun X, Dai L, Ji Z, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Cao W, Zhao Y, Zhang L. Identification of the hub genes and prognostic indicators of gastric cancer and correlation of indicators with tumor-infiltrating immune cell levels. J Cancer 2021; 12(13):4025-4038. doi:10.7150/jca.52105. https://www.jcancer.org/v12p4025.htm
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Abstract

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Aims: To identify the hub genes and prognostic indicators of gastric cancer (GC) and determine the correlation between prognostic indicators and the tumor-infiltrating immune cell levels so as to provide useful information for future GC diagnosis and treatment.

Methods: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) stomach adenocarcinoma dataset and two microarray datasets were used to screen the overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between normal gastric and GC tissue samples. Hub genes were screened via protein-protein interaction networks and module analysis of the overlapping DEGs. Their expression was validated at the cell level and tissue level using the ONCOMINE database. The prognostic indicators of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival was identified by Cox proportional hazards regression analysis based on tumor grade and cancer stage. The expression of hub genes was validated at the cell level. The correlation of prognostic indicators with the tumor-infiltrating immune cell levels was analyzed using Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource.

Results: Ten hub genes, namely CDC6, CDC20, BUB1B, TOP2A, CDK1, AURKA, CCNA2, CCNB1, MAD2L1, and KIF11, were screened and their upregulation in the GC tissue was verified. Three prognostic factors, namely LUM, VCAN, and EFNA4, were identified; their expression was higher in GC cells than in normal cells. LUM, VCAN, and EFNA4 were correlated with tumor-infiltrating immune cell levels in GC.

Significance: The identified hub genes and prognostic indicators of GC could be useful indicators for future GC diagnosis and treatment.

Keywords: gastric cancer, differentially expressed genes, Hub gene, prognostic indicators, tumor-infiltrating immune cells


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APA
Ji, Y., Gao, L., Zhang, C., Sun, X., Dai, L., Ji, Z., Zhang, J., Zhang, Z., Cao, W., Zhao, Y., Zhang, L. (2021). Identification of the hub genes and prognostic indicators of gastric cancer and correlation of indicators with tumor-infiltrating immune cell levels. Journal of Cancer, 12(13), 4025-4038. https://doi.org/10.7150/jca.52105.

ACS
Ji, Y.; Gao, L.; Zhang, C.; Sun, X.; Dai, L.; Ji, Z.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, Z.; Cao, W.; Zhao, Y.; Zhang, L. Identification of the hub genes and prognostic indicators of gastric cancer and correlation of indicators with tumor-infiltrating immune cell levels. J. Cancer 2021, 12 (13), 4025-4038. DOI: 10.7150/jca.52105.

NLM
Ji Y, Gao L, Zhang C, Sun X, Dai L, Ji Z, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Cao W, Zhao Y, Zhang L. Identification of the hub genes and prognostic indicators of gastric cancer and correlation of indicators with tumor-infiltrating immune cell levels. J Cancer 2021; 12(13):4025-4038. doi:10.7150/jca.52105. https://www.jcancer.org/v12p4025.htm

CSE
Ji Y, Gao L, Zhang C, Sun X, Dai L, Ji Z, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Cao W, Zhao Y, Zhang L. 2021. Identification of the hub genes and prognostic indicators of gastric cancer and correlation of indicators with tumor-infiltrating immune cell levels. J Cancer. 12(13):4025-4038.

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