Is mTOR Inhibitor Good Enough for Treatment All Tumors in TSC Patients?

Habib, Samy L; Al-Obaidi, Noor Y; Nowacki, Maciej; Pietkun, Katarzyna; Zegarska, Barbara; Kloskowski, Tomasz; Zegarski, Wojciech; Drewa, Tomasz; Medina, Edward A.; Zhao, Zhenze; Liang, Sitai

doi:10.7150/jca.14747

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J Cancer 2016; 7(12):1621-1631. doi:10.7150/jca.14747 This issue Cite

Review

Is mTOR Inhibitor Good Enough for Treatment All Tumors in TSC Patients?

Samy L Habib^1,4✉, Noor Y Al-Obaidi⁴, Maciej Nowacki², Katarzyna Pietkun², Barbara Zegarska², Tomasz Kloskowski², Wojciech Zegarski², Tomasz Drewa², Edward A. Medina³, Zhenze Zhao⁴, Sitai Liang⁴

1. Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, South Texas, Veterans Healthcare System
2. Collegium Medicum, Bydgoszcz and Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
3. Department of Pathology
4. Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229, USA

Citation:

Habib SL, Al-Obaidi NY, Nowacki M, Pietkun K, Zegarska B, Kloskowski T, Zegarski W, Drewa T, Medina EA, Zhao Z, Liang S. Is mTOR Inhibitor Good Enough for Treatment All Tumors in TSC Patients?. J Cancer 2016; 7(12):1621-1631. doi:10.7150/jca.14747. https://www.jcancer.org/v07p1621.htm

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Abstract

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant and multi-system genetic disorder in humans. TSC affects around 25,000 to 40,000 individuals in the United States and about 1 to 2 million individuals worldwide, with an estimated prevalence of one in 6,000 newborns. TSC occurs in all races and ethnic groups, and in both genders. TSC is caused by defects or mutations in two genes, TSC1 and TSC2. Loss of TSC1/TSC2 leads to dysregulation of mTOR, resulting in aberrant cell differentiation and development, and abnormal enlargement of cells. TSC is characterized by the development of benign and/or malignant tumors in several organs including renal/liver angiomyolipomas, facial angiofibroma, lymphangiomyomatosis, cardiac rhabdomyomas, retinal astrocytic, renal cell carcinoma, and brain subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGA). In addition, TSC disease causes disabling neurologic disorders, including epilepsy, mental retardation and autism. Particularly problematic are the development of renal angiomyolipomas, which tend to be larger, bilateral, multifocal and present at a younger age compared with sporadic forms. In addition, SEGA block the flow of fluid within the brain, causing a buildup of fluid and pressure that leads to blurred vision and seizures. In the current review, we describe the pathology of TSC disease in key organs and summarize the use of mTOR inhibitors to treat tumors in TSC patients.

Keywords: TSC, mTOR inhibitors, LAM, AML, SEGA.

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APA

Habib, S.L., Al-Obaidi, N.Y., Nowacki, M., Pietkun, K., Zegarska, B., Kloskowski, T., Zegarski, W., Drewa, T., Medina, E.A., Zhao, Z., Liang, S. (2016). Is mTOR Inhibitor Good Enough for Treatment All Tumors in TSC Patients?. Journal of Cancer, 7(12), 1621-1631. https://doi.org/10.7150/jca.14747.

ACS

Habib, S.L.; Al-Obaidi, N.Y.; Nowacki, M.; Pietkun, K.; Zegarska, B.; Kloskowski, T.; Zegarski, W.; Drewa, T.; Medina, E.A.; Zhao, Z.; Liang, S. Is mTOR Inhibitor Good Enough for Treatment All Tumors in TSC Patients?. J. Cancer 2016, 7 (12), 1621-1631. DOI: 10.7150/jca.14747.

NLM

CSE

Habib SL, Al-Obaidi NY, Nowacki M, Pietkun K, Zegarska B, Kloskowski T, Zegarski W, Drewa T, Medina EA, Zhao Z, Liang S. 2016. Is mTOR Inhibitor Good Enough for Treatment All Tumors in TSC Patients?. J Cancer. 7(12):1621-1631.

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