J Cancer 2021; 12(11):3114-3125. doi:10.7150/jca.53978 This issue Cite

Research Paper

Describing Treatment Patterns for Elderly Patients with Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma and Predicting Prognosis by a Validated Model: A Population-Based Study

Hanlong Zhu1*, Kun Ji2*, Wei Wu3*, Si Zhao1*, Jian Zhou1, Chunmei Zhang1, Ruiyi Tang1, Lin Miao1✉

1. Medical Centre for Digestive Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, Jiangsu Province, China.
2. Department of Interventional Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan Province, China.
3. Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China.
* Co-first authors, these authors contributed equally to this work.

Citation:
Zhu H, Ji K, Wu W, Zhao S, Zhou J, Zhang C, Tang R, Miao L. Describing Treatment Patterns for Elderly Patients with Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma and Predicting Prognosis by a Validated Model: A Population-Based Study. J Cancer 2021; 12(11):3114-3125. doi:10.7150/jca.53978. https://www.jcancer.org/v12p3114.htm
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Abstract

Graphic abstract

Background: Elderly patients with Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) are frequently under-represented in clinical trials, which leads to the unclear management of ICC in elderly patients. This study aimed to describe treatment patterns and establish a reliable nomogram in elderly ICC patients.

Methods: Based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, we conducted a retrospective analysis of 1651 elderly patients (≥65 years) diagnosed with ICC between 2004 and 2016.

Results: For the whole study population, 29.3% received only chemotherapy, 26.7% no tumor-directed therapy, 19.1% surgery alone, 17.5% radiotherapy, and 7.4% surgery plus chemotherapy. Compared with the age group of 65-74 years, patients aged ≥75 years were less likely to accept treatment. Among patients 66-74 years of age, surgery alone resulted in a median overall survival (OS) of 30 months, surgery combined with chemotherapy 26 months, radiotherapy 17 months, chemotherapy alone 10 months and no therapy 3 months; while among patients ≥75 years of age, the median OS was 21, 25, 14, 9 and 4, respectively. Moreover, independent prognostic indicators including age, gender, grade, tumor size, T stage, N stage, M stage, and treatment were incorporated to construct a nomogram. The C-indexes of the OS nomogram were 0.725 and 0.724 for the training and validation cohorts, respectively. Importantly, the predictive model harbored a better discriminative power than the American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM staging system.

Conclusion: Active treatment should not be abandoned among all the elderly patients with ICC. The validated nomogram provided an effective and practical tool to accurately evaluate prognosis and to guide personalized treatment for elderly ICC patients.

Keywords: geriatric, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, treatment patterns, nomogram, SEER.


Citation styles

APA
Zhu, H., Ji, K., Wu, W., Zhao, S., Zhou, J., Zhang, C., Tang, R., Miao, L. (2021). Describing Treatment Patterns for Elderly Patients with Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma and Predicting Prognosis by a Validated Model: A Population-Based Study. Journal of Cancer, 12(11), 3114-3125. https://doi.org/10.7150/jca.53978.

ACS
Zhu, H.; Ji, K.; Wu, W.; Zhao, S.; Zhou, J.; Zhang, C.; Tang, R.; Miao, L. Describing Treatment Patterns for Elderly Patients with Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma and Predicting Prognosis by a Validated Model: A Population-Based Study. J. Cancer 2021, 12 (11), 3114-3125. DOI: 10.7150/jca.53978.

NLM
Zhu H, Ji K, Wu W, Zhao S, Zhou J, Zhang C, Tang R, Miao L. Describing Treatment Patterns for Elderly Patients with Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma and Predicting Prognosis by a Validated Model: A Population-Based Study. J Cancer 2021; 12(11):3114-3125. doi:10.7150/jca.53978. https://www.jcancer.org/v12p3114.htm

CSE
Zhu H, Ji K, Wu W, Zhao S, Zhou J, Zhang C, Tang R, Miao L. 2021. Describing Treatment Patterns for Elderly Patients with Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma and Predicting Prognosis by a Validated Model: A Population-Based Study. J Cancer. 12(11):3114-3125.

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