J Cancer 2021; 12(4):1212-1219. doi:10.7150/jca.54095 This issue Cite

Review

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy in breast cancer: development and challenges

Sara Toulouie1, Gary Johanning2, Yihui Shi1✉

1. California Northstate University, College of Medicine, Elk Grove CA, USA.
2. SunnyBay Biotech, Fremont, CA USA.

Citation:
Toulouie S, Johanning G, Shi Y. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy in breast cancer: development and challenges. J Cancer 2021; 12(4):1212-1219. doi:10.7150/jca.54095. https://www.jcancer.org/v12p1212.htm
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Abstract

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is an innovative form of immunotherapy wherein autologous T-cells are genetically modified to express chimeric receptors encoding an antigen-specific single-chain variable fragment and costimulatory molecules. Moreover, CAR T-cell therapy can only work successfully in patients who have an intact immune system. Therefore, patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy will be immunosuppressed making CAR-T therapy less effective. In adoptive CD8+ T-cell therapy (ACT), numerous tumor-specific, engineered T-cells are sourced from patients, expanded in vitro, and infused back expressing tumor-specific antigen receptors. The most successful ACT, anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy directed against B-cell lymphoma, has proved to be efficacious. However, current efforts to utilize this approach for solid tumors, like breast cancer, have shown only modest improvement. Nevertheless, the potential efficacy of CAR-T therapy is promising in an era of immunological advances. By appropriately manipulating CAR T-cells to combat the immunosuppressive forces of the tumor microenvironment, significant eradication of the solid tumor may occur. This review discusses CAR T-cell therapy and its specificity and safety in adoptive cell transfers in breast cancer. We will highlight novel discoveries in CAR T-cell immunotherapy and the formidable barriers including suppression of T-cell function and localization at tumor sites.

Keywords: breast cancer, T-cell, immunotherapy, chimeric antigen receptor, TNBC


Citation styles

APA
Toulouie, S., Johanning, G., Shi, Y. (2021). Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy in breast cancer: development and challenges. Journal of Cancer, 12(4), 1212-1219. https://doi.org/10.7150/jca.54095.

ACS
Toulouie, S.; Johanning, G.; Shi, Y. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy in breast cancer: development and challenges. J. Cancer 2021, 12 (4), 1212-1219. DOI: 10.7150/jca.54095.

NLM
Toulouie S, Johanning G, Shi Y. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy in breast cancer: development and challenges. J Cancer 2021; 12(4):1212-1219. doi:10.7150/jca.54095. https://www.jcancer.org/v12p1212.htm

CSE
Toulouie S, Johanning G, Shi Y. 2021. Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell immunotherapy in breast cancer: development and challenges. J Cancer. 12(4):1212-1219.

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