Comprehensive Analysis of Prognostic Value and Immune Infiltration of TFAP2 Family Members in Bladder Cancer from Database and FFPE Sample

Yuan, Feng; Sun, Yi; Dai, Guang-Cheng; Yao, Qiu; Zhou, Yi-bing; Zang, Ya-cheng; Liu, Xiao-Long; Xue, Bo-Xin

doi:10.7150/jca.86838

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J Cancer 2023; 14(16):3050-3065. doi:10.7150/jca.86838 This issue Cite

Research Paper

Comprehensive Analysis of Prognostic Value and Immune Infiltration of TFAP2 Family Members in Bladder Cancer from Database and FFPE Sample

Feng Yuan^1#, Yi Sun^2#, Guang-Cheng Dai¹, Qiu Yao¹, Yi-bing Zhou¹, Ya-cheng Zang¹, Xiao-Long Liu^1✉, Bo-Xin Xue^1✉

1. Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
2. School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
# Feng Yuan and Yi Sun contributed equally to this work.

Citation:

Yuan F, Sun Y, Dai GC, Yao Q, Zhou Yb, Zang Yc, Liu XL, Xue BX. Comprehensive Analysis of Prognostic Value and Immune Infiltration of TFAP2 Family Members in Bladder Cancer from Database and FFPE Sample. J Cancer 2023; 14(16):3050-3065. doi:10.7150/jca.86838. https://www.jcancer.org/v14p3050.htm

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Abstract

Background: Bladder cancer (BLCA) is one of the common malignant tumors worldwide. Recent studies have shown that Transcription factor activating protein-2(TFAP2) family proteins plays a bidirectional regulatory role in the process of tumorigenesis versus evolution by regulating the expression of tumor associated genes. However, little is known about the function of distinct TFAP2s proteins in patient with BLCA.

Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) sample tissues and clinical data of 240 patients with bladder cancer were collected for immunohistochemical analysis. The Human Protein Atlas, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), Shiny Methylation Analysis Resource Tool (SMART), Kaplan-Meier plotter, cBioPortal, Metascape, LinkedOmics, TIMER and CIBERSORT were utilized to analyze differential expression, prognostic value, genetic alteration and immune cell infiltration of TFAP2 family in patients with BLCA.

Results: Our study found that TFAP2 family proteins are generally expressed higher in BLCA tissues than in normal tissues. However, they show different trends in the growth, metastasis and survival prognosis of BLCA. TFAP2A and TFAP2C was associated with worse clinical stage and prognosis in BLCA patients, while TFAP2B, TFAP2D and TFAP2E showed the opposite trend. Importantly, the functions of the differentially expressed TFAP2s were primarily related to the developmental process, reproductive process, response to stimulus and immune system process, etc. Moreover, TFAP2 family was significantly correlated with the infiltration of six immune cell types and might regulate TAM polarization.

Conclusion: TFAP2 family might be an important regulator of immune cell infiltration and a valuable prognostic biomarker in patients with BLCA.

Keywords: TFAP2 family, bladder cancer, prognosis, immunes infiltration, TAM polarization

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APA

Yuan, F., Sun, Y., Dai, G.C., Yao, Q., Zhou, Y.b., Zang, Y.c., Liu, X.L., Xue, B.X. (2023). Comprehensive Analysis of Prognostic Value and Immune Infiltration of TFAP2 Family Members in Bladder Cancer from Database and FFPE Sample. Journal of Cancer, 14(16), 3050-3065. https://doi.org/10.7150/jca.86838.

ACS

Yuan, F.; Sun, Y.; Dai, G.C.; Yao, Q.; Zhou, Y.b.; Zang, Y.c.; Liu, X.L.; Xue, B.X. Comprehensive Analysis of Prognostic Value and Immune Infiltration of TFAP2 Family Members in Bladder Cancer from Database and FFPE Sample. J. Cancer 2023, 14 (16), 3050-3065. DOI: 10.7150/jca.86838.

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CSE

Yuan F, Sun Y, Dai GC, Yao Q, Zhou Yb, Zang Yc, Liu XL, Xue BX. 2023. Comprehensive Analysis of Prognostic Value and Immune Infiltration of TFAP2 Family Members in Bladder Cancer from Database and FFPE Sample. J Cancer. 14(16):3050-3065.

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