ISSN: 1837-9664Journal of Cancer
Global reach, higher impact
J Cancer 2018; 9(1):117-128. doi:10.7150/jca.21965 This issue Cite
Research Paper
Antitumor Activity and Mechanism of a Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor, Dapivirine, in Glioblastoma
1. First College of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China;
2. Department of Radiotherapy, Guangzhou Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Guangzhou 510095, China;
3. Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China;
4. Center for Clinical Medical Education, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China;
5. Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China;
6. Laboratory for Precision Neurosurgery, Nanfang hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
* Weiwen Liu and Xianlu Song contribute equally.
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Dapivirine is one of reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs). It is the prototype of diarylpyrimidines (DAPY), formerly known as TMC120 or DAPY R147681 (IUPAC name: 4- [[4-(2, 4, 6-trimethylphenyl) amino]-2-pyrimidinyl] amino]-benzonitrile; CAS no.244767-67-7).
Aim: The purpose of this study is to investigate the antitumor activity of dapivirine, one of the RTIs, on U87 glioblastoma (GBM) cells in vitro and in vivo.
Materials and Methods: U87 GBM cells were cultured and treated with or without dapivirine. Cell viability was evaluated by CCK-8 (Cell Counting Kit 8, CCK-8) assay; apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry; cell migration was evaluated by Boyden Chamber assay; Western blotting was performed to detect proteins related to apoptosis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and autophagy. PathScan intracellular signaling array kit was used to detect important and well-characterized signaling molecules. Tumor xenograft model in nude mice was used to evaluate the antitumorigenic effect in vivo.
Results: Dapivirine weakened proliferation of glioma cells and induced the apoptosis of U87 glioblastoma cells. Furthermore, dapivirine regulated autophagy and induced Akt, Bad and SAPK/JNK activations. Moreover, the inhibition of glioma cell growth by dapivirine was also observed in nude mice in vivo.
Conclusion: In summary, in our study dapivirine exposure induces stress, resulting in JNK and PI3K/Akt pathway activation through diminished inhibition of the apoptosis and autophagy cascade in U87 GBM cells, which inhibits cell growth in vitro and in vivo.
Keywords: Dapivirine, Antitumor activity, Drug metabolism, Glioblastoma, Autophagy
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