J Cancer
2015; 6(8):759-766.
doi:10.7150/jca.12094 This issueCite
Research Paper
Correcting the Shrinkage Effects of Formalin Fixation and Tissue Processing for Renal Tumors: toward Standardization of Pathological Reporting of Tumor Size
Thu Tran1, Chandru P. Sundaram2, Clinton D. Bahler2, John N. Eble1, David J. Grignon1, M. Francesca Monn2, Novae B. Simper1, Liang Cheng1,2✉
1. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA 2. Department of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
✉ Corresponding author: Liang Cheng, MD, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, 350 West 11th Street, IUHPL Room 4010, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA. Telephone: 317-491-6442; Fax: 317-491-6419; E-mail: liang_chengcomMore
Citation:
Tran T, Sundaram CP, Bahler CD, Eble JN, Grignon DJ, Monn MF, Simper NB, Cheng L. Correcting the Shrinkage Effects of Formalin Fixation and Tissue Processing for Renal Tumors: toward Standardization of Pathological Reporting of Tumor Size. J Cancer 2015; 6(8):759-766. doi:10.7150/jca.12094. https://www.jcancer.org/v06p0759.htm
Given the importance of correctly staging renal cell carcinomas, specific guidelines should be in place for tumor size measurement. While a standard means of renal tumor measurement has not been established, intuitively, tumor size should be based on fresh measurements. We sought to assess the accuracy of postfixation and microscopic measurements of renal tumor size, as compared to fresh measurements and radiographic size. Thirty-four nephrectomy cases performed by a single surgeon were prospectively measured at different time points. The study cases included 23 clear cell renal cell carcinomas, 6 papillary renal cell carcinomas, and 5 other renal tumors. Radiologic tumors were 12.1% larger in diameter than fresh tumors (P<0.01). Furthermore, fresh specimens were 4.6% larger than formalin-fixed specimens (P<0.01), and postfixation measurements were 7.1% greater than microscopic measurements (P<0.01). The overall mean percentage of shrinkage between fresh and histological specimens was 11.4% (P<0.01). Histological processing would cause a tumor stage shift from pT1b to pT1a for two tumors in this study. The shrinkage effects of formalin fixation and histological processing may result in understaging of renal cell carcinomas. The shrinkage factor should be considered when reporting tumor size.
Tran, T., Sundaram, C.P., Bahler, C.D., Eble, J.N., Grignon, D.J., Monn, M.F., Simper, N.B., Cheng, L. (2015). Correcting the Shrinkage Effects of Formalin Fixation and Tissue Processing for Renal Tumors: toward Standardization of Pathological Reporting of Tumor Size. Journal of Cancer, 6(8), 759-766. https://doi.org/10.7150/jca.12094.
ACS
Tran, T.; Sundaram, C.P.; Bahler, C.D.; Eble, J.N.; Grignon, D.J.; Monn, M.F.; Simper, N.B.; Cheng, L. Correcting the Shrinkage Effects of Formalin Fixation and Tissue Processing for Renal Tumors: toward Standardization of Pathological Reporting of Tumor Size. J. Cancer 2015, 6 (8), 759-766. DOI: 10.7150/jca.12094.
NLM
Tran T, Sundaram CP, Bahler CD, Eble JN, Grignon DJ, Monn MF, Simper NB, Cheng L. Correcting the Shrinkage Effects of Formalin Fixation and Tissue Processing for Renal Tumors: toward Standardization of Pathological Reporting of Tumor Size. J Cancer 2015; 6(8):759-766. doi:10.7150/jca.12094. https://www.jcancer.org/v06p0759.htm
CSE
Tran T, Sundaram CP, Bahler CD, Eble JN, Grignon DJ, Monn MF, Simper NB, Cheng L. 2015. Correcting the Shrinkage Effects of Formalin Fixation and Tissue Processing for Renal Tumors: toward Standardization of Pathological Reporting of Tumor Size. J Cancer. 6(8):759-766.