J Cancer 2013; 4(8):614-625. doi:10.7150/jca.7080 This issue Cite

Research Paper

CRM1 Inhibition Sensitizes Drug Resistant Human Myeloma Cells to Topoisomerase II and Proteasome Inhibitors both In Vitro and Ex Vivo

Joel G. Turner1, Jana Dawson1, Michael F. Emmons2, Christopher L. Cubitt3, Michael Kauffman4, Sharon Shacham4, Lori A. Hazlehurst2, Daniel M. Sullivan1✉

1. Department of Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612
2. Molecular Oncology Department, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612
3. Translational Research Core Laboratory, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612
4. Karyopharm Therapeutics, Boston, MA 01760.

Citation:
Turner JG, Dawson J, Emmons MF, Cubitt CL, Kauffman M, Shacham S, Hazlehurst LA, Sullivan DM. CRM1 Inhibition Sensitizes Drug Resistant Human Myeloma Cells to Topoisomerase II and Proteasome Inhibitors both In Vitro and Ex Vivo. J Cancer 2013; 4(8):614-625. doi:10.7150/jca.7080. https://www.jcancer.org/v04p0614.htm
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Abstract

Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable disease despite improved treatments, including lenalidomide/pomalidomide and bortezomib/carfilzomib based therapies and high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell rescue. New drug targets are needed to further improve treatment outcomes. Nuclear export of macromolecules is misregulated in many cancers, including in hematological malignancies such as MM. CRM1 (chromosome maintenance protein-1) is a ubiquitous protein that exports large proteins (>40 kDa) from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. We found that small-molecule Selective Inhibitors of Nuclear Export (SINE) prevent CRM1-mediated export of p53 and topoisomerase IIα (topo IIα). SINE's CRM1-inhibiting activity was verified by nuclear-cytoplasmic fractionation and immunocytochemical staining of the CRM1 cargoes p53 and topo IIα in MM cells. We found that SINE molecules reduced cell viability and induced apoptosis when used as both single agents in the sub-micromolar range and when combined with doxorubicin, bortezomib, or carfilzomib but not lenalidomide, melphalan, or dexamethasone. In addition, CRM1 inhibition sensitized MM cell lines and patient myeloma cells to doxorubicin, bortezomib, and carfilzomib but did not affect peripheral blood mononuclear or non-myeloma bone marrow mononuclear cells as shown by cell viability and apoptosis assay. Drug resistance induced by co-culture of myeloma cells with bone marrow stroma cells was circumvented by the addition of SINE molecules. These results support the continued development of SINE for patients with MM.

Keywords: CRM1, topoisomerase IIα, p53, multiple myeloma, nuclear export.


Citation styles

APA
Turner, J.G., Dawson, J., Emmons, M.F., Cubitt, C.L., Kauffman, M., Shacham, S., Hazlehurst, L.A., Sullivan, D.M. (2013). CRM1 Inhibition Sensitizes Drug Resistant Human Myeloma Cells to Topoisomerase II and Proteasome Inhibitors both In Vitro and Ex Vivo. Journal of Cancer, 4(8), 614-625. https://doi.org/10.7150/jca.7080.

ACS
Turner, J.G.; Dawson, J.; Emmons, M.F.; Cubitt, C.L.; Kauffman, M.; Shacham, S.; Hazlehurst, L.A.; Sullivan, D.M. CRM1 Inhibition Sensitizes Drug Resistant Human Myeloma Cells to Topoisomerase II and Proteasome Inhibitors both In Vitro and Ex Vivo. J. Cancer 2013, 4 (8), 614-625. DOI: 10.7150/jca.7080.

NLM
Turner JG, Dawson J, Emmons MF, Cubitt CL, Kauffman M, Shacham S, Hazlehurst LA, Sullivan DM. CRM1 Inhibition Sensitizes Drug Resistant Human Myeloma Cells to Topoisomerase II and Proteasome Inhibitors both In Vitro and Ex Vivo. J Cancer 2013; 4(8):614-625. doi:10.7150/jca.7080. https://www.jcancer.org/v04p0614.htm

CSE
Turner JG, Dawson J, Emmons MF, Cubitt CL, Kauffman M, Shacham S, Hazlehurst LA, Sullivan DM. 2013. CRM1 Inhibition Sensitizes Drug Resistant Human Myeloma Cells to Topoisomerase II and Proteasome Inhibitors both In Vitro and Ex Vivo. J Cancer. 4(8):614-625.

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